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Grape Cultivation Manural of Eaten in Raw
Chapter 1 The Sellection of the Grapery
Grape tree has many advantages of long life, wide root system, heliophilous
and thermophile, best plated in the fecund sand soil. The unsuitable soil
should be improved necessarily. Organic fertilizer and sand improvement
will improve the soil of thick, harden with no smooth drainage. Sand and
badlands can be improved by applying mixed the organic fertilizer and clay
to improve the fertility of the soil and water keeping capability. It is
suitable in middle or bit acid or bit alkali soil. Big acidity value soil
need the alkali fertilizer improvement. If the soil contents high value
of salt alkali should watering and applies the organic fertilizer to reduce
the salt contents. The improved soil also can plant the grape successfully.
Chapter 2 The Introduction and Sellection of Grape Trellis
The direction of fence is south-north benefits of airiness and following
the sunshine. It will increase the grape quality and easily managing the
fields. Also it is suitable for mechanized farming, medicine spraying,
flower reducing, harvest and winder hardy, dry prevention and save human
power.
Section 1: Single Fence
One fence in every raw in 1.5-1.8meters high, every 4~6meters sanding
a post (stone, concrete or wood) on the post every 30~50cm hung the 3
or 4 iron line in vertical. The end post of the raw should in bit incline,
straining by the stones that avoiding the heavy fruits broken the lines
later.
Section 2: Double Fence
1. Base on the single fence, binding 3~4 wooden bar with length 50cm and
5~10 cm thickness with 30~50cm distance. Tightening the ending side by
iron line.
2. Building another fence beside it 50cm, combines to double fence.
Chapter 3 Cultivated Management in 1st Year
Section 1 Soil Preparation and Field Planting
1. Soil preparation
Digging a channel in 50cm width in south north direction and put the upper
soil and deeper soil in separate. Applying the farming fertilizer (chicken
dung, pig dung etc) in 5~6cm thickness, fill back the upper soil. Applying
little carbamide and composite fertilizer in average. The quantity is
25kg per mu, then fill up the deeper soil. Preparing a farmland beside
the channel, then watering well.
2. Field Plantinggn the row and column distance, plant the se
1) The earlier ripening species normally use the single fence and planting
in close. The raw distance is around 80~150cm, and 556 seedlings per mu.
The later ripening species use the double fence, raw distance in 50-200cm
and 668 seedlings per mu.
2£© Planting in spring, desiedlings during the end of April and the beginning
of May, extending the root, 2~3 buds out of the ground, watering it.
Soft the ground in half drying in order to increase the ground temperature
and avoid the grass growth.
3) Planting in autumn, if growth up, no need heel in through the winter.
It can be directly planted into setting hole. Same planting method with
spring one. The advantages are the root close with the soil, easily survive.
Banking up the earth for wetproof and temperature prood, safely pass the
winter. The bank up earth should be big and drying prevention. Moving
away the soil before burgeon and watering.
Section 2 Management of Growing Period
1. Bud Cutting and Branches Fixing
Before the budding in spring, 5 times disease killing by Meidushi vulcanized
agent. Watering and cultivation.
When bud grows up to 2~3cm, leave 2~3 strong buds and cut others off,
killing the disease if find.
2. Fixing branches, watering and applying the fertilizer
Fixing the branches when they grows to 20cm to avoid the broken by wind
blowing and lack of branches.
When the branches grows to 30cm, applying the fertilizer in first time.
The method is mixing carbamide and compound fertilizer in average, applying
20~30g for every branches. Mixing the fertilizer to the soil then watering
and cultivation. Then every 10~15 days 2~3 times. In the beginning of
July, dig the channel near the plants 30cm with depth and width 15~20cm
and apply fertilizer 20~30g. if can, can apply some chicken dung. Applying
4000~5000kgs per mu and watering.
3. Rearragement of branches.
The branches grow to 40~50cn, cut down all support branches near the root
20~30cm, and others leave 2 support leaves, when the main branch grows
to 100~200cm, taking the core, just leave 2 support tips with 2 leaves
on it. When the 2 support tips grow to 20cm, leave one leaf on support
tips, repeating in many times till grows to the top of the fence.
The repeated cutting is increasing the thickness the branches and reduced
the nutrition upping speed. Therefore accelerate the forming of the anlage
in bud. Leaving more leaves to increase the ability of photosynthesis,
give the nutrition to the anlage and keep the wood well in earlier period.
4. Prevention of diseases
because of the slow growth in that year, the delicate leaves are easily
attacked by downy mildew. Spraying 500~800 times Jiashuangling and Daisen
Mn-Zn 800 times mixing liquid is the best effective one. Also can trade
off 500~800 times Yilinlu and Dasen Mn-Zn mixing liquid. If no disease
it can use 250g calcareousness, 500g bluestone, 12kgs water and 240 times
water mixing to prevent in advance.
Normally spraying on the back side of the leaves in average. If disease
was found, kill them by insecticide of 1605 etc.
Section 3 Autumn cutting and bank of the earth
1. When November, after the leaves falling down, cutting the branches.
Leave 5~8 buds in every branch, the thin one leave 3 buds and cut down
all the small support tips. If the ground is dry, can watering in advance
benefit for dig the channel.
2. slowly overpower the branches but not till break and hurt, then dig
the channel besides the plant 50cm with the depth and width 30~40. Covering
hard of all the branches to avoid the cool and dry, then watering to the
channel. The management has finished of the first year.
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